Sure, I do this often, not just to rehearse songs, but to create my drum parts for my band's songs as well.
I start by opening my music notation software and transcribing my drum part while visualizing the bass, guitar and vocals (maybe not all of the lyrics, but at least the melody and the phrasing). When I come to a trouble spot where I'm not sure what to play, I'll start the drum transcription from the beginning and listen to it through speakers while visualizing the bass, guitar and vocals. When I come back to the trouble spot (ie. where the drum transcription leaves off), I'll try to visualize the song and "hear" what I should be playing. It may take a few tries to get through one trouble spot, but it works a lot more often than it doesn't.
Once I've finished transcribing a drum part for a song, I'll "rehearse" it my head as if I were sitting behind my kit with my feet on the pedals and my sticks in my hand.